Since, more attention has recently been focused on vitamin D. Some studies during the COVID-19 pandemic have shown that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with a higher risk of mortality and sever disease in patients with COVID-19. In addition, this vitamin has preventive effects against respiratory viral infections.

Vitamin D can regulate the antiviral immune response in the respiratory tract in order to provide an effective defense against respiratory viral infections and prevention from excessive inflammatory response and tissue damage. One of these functions is immune regulation. Although, the most well-known role of vitamin D is to regulate the metabolism of phosphorus and calcium, it has been shown that this vitamin has other important functions. In this regard, recent years studies have emphasized the importance of vitamin D in respiratory viral infections. Therefore, regulating the antiviral immune response in the respiratory tract is of importance. Numerous studies have shown that unregulated immune response to these viruses can cause excessive inflammation and tissue damage. Influenza viruses, RSV and SARS-COV2 have the potential to cause severe respiratory infections. Respiratory viral infections are common respiratory diseases. 10 Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.9 Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.8 Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science and Health Services, Tabriz, Iran.7 Schoole of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melborne, VIC, Australia.6 Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.5 Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

4 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.3 Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.2 Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

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